We will discuss here the difference between positive
and non-positive displacement pump with the help of this post.
Pumps are basically classified in two basic categories
A. Non-Positive displacement pump
B. Positive displacement pump
Pumps are basically classified in two basic categories
A. Non-Positive displacement pump
B. Positive displacement pump
Non Positive displacement pump
Non positive displacement pump are also designated
as hydro dynamic pump.
Centrifugal pumps and propeller pumps are the best example of non positive displacement pump. In case of Non positive displacement pump, Flow is not constant but also it varies with variation in pressure. Output flow will be decreased when system pressure will be increased. Such types of pumps are also called as constant head pumps as head of such pumps will be constant.
Non positive displacement pumps are basically used for low pressure applications as such types of pumps are not capable to work against higher pressure and that is the basic reason that non positive displacement pumps are not designed for application in hydraulic system.
Non positive displacement pumps are designed to work maximum pressure of 18 to 20 bars only.
Centrifugal pumps and propeller pumps are the best example of non positive displacement pump. In case of Non positive displacement pump, Flow is not constant but also it varies with variation in pressure. Output flow will be decreased when system pressure will be increased. Such types of pumps are also called as constant head pumps as head of such pumps will be constant.
Non positive displacement pumps are basically used for low pressure applications as such types of pumps are not capable to work against higher pressure and that is the basic reason that non positive displacement pumps are not designed for application in hydraulic system.
Non positive displacement pumps are designed to work maximum pressure of 18 to 20 bars only.
Non positive displacement pumps are considerably
used in chemical and oil industries where liquids are required to transport
from one location to other.
We can summarize non positive displacement e.g. centrifugal pumps are used for low pressure and higher volume flow applications.
We can summarize non positive displacement e.g. centrifugal pumps are used for low pressure and higher volume flow applications.
Advantage of Non Positive displacement pump
Initial cost is less due to less moving elements
Operation and maintenance cost is less
Continuous flow with simple and reliable in
operation
Normally all types of liquids could be transported
Disadvantage of Non Positive displacement pump
Flow of pump will be dependent on the system output
resistance
Volumetric efficiency will be less
Not suitable for higher pressure application
Such type of pumps are not self priming, hence we
will require positive suction for smooth operation of such type of pumps
Positive displacement pump
Positive displacement pumps are self priming because
there will be very close clearance between rotary and stationary components of
pump. Such types of pumps are basically designed for higher pressure
application for example hydraulic fluid power application.
Positive displacement pumps will never generate the pressure but also they will produce the flow, pressure will be produced due to resistance in output fluid flow. If output section of pump will be opened completely then in that situation there will not be any resistance for fluid flow and hence pressure generated will be zero beyond atmospheric pressure or pressure gauge will show zero reading.
If output port of pump is closed partially then pressure will be produced due to presence of resistance of fluid flow, suppose if output port of pump is blocked completely then pressure will be increased significantly and may damage the component of hydraulic system. In order to avoid damaging of hydraulic elements of system due to such high pressure, pressure relief valves are used in hydraulic system.
Such types of pumps deliver definite quantity of fluid to the hydraulic system for each cycle or for each revolution of shaft. Output fluid flow will be constant and will not depend on pressure of system or load on system.
We know three important and commonly used Positive displacement pumps and these are as displayed here.
Positive displacement pumps will never generate the pressure but also they will produce the flow, pressure will be produced due to resistance in output fluid flow. If output section of pump will be opened completely then in that situation there will not be any resistance for fluid flow and hence pressure generated will be zero beyond atmospheric pressure or pressure gauge will show zero reading.
If output port of pump is closed partially then pressure will be produced due to presence of resistance of fluid flow, suppose if output port of pump is blocked completely then pressure will be increased significantly and may damage the component of hydraulic system. In order to avoid damaging of hydraulic elements of system due to such high pressure, pressure relief valves are used in hydraulic system.
Such types of pumps deliver definite quantity of fluid to the hydraulic system for each cycle or for each revolution of shaft. Output fluid flow will be constant and will not depend on pressure of system or load on system.
We know three important and commonly used Positive displacement pumps and these are as displayed here.
Piston Pump
Vane Pump
Gear Pump
Advantage of positive displacement pump
Positive displacement pump will have high volumetric efficiency
approximate 98 %
Positive displacement pumps work for high pressure
applications, pressure might be up to 800 bar.
Such types of pumps will create constant output flow
and precise control over the system is quite possible due to application of
such pumps.
Pump performance curve for positive displacement and non positive displacement pump
Pump performance curve for positive displacement and non positive displacement pump
Pump performance curves are displayed here between
pressure and flow for both type of pump.
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