In our previous post, we were concentrated over the
one equation of state for a perfect gas i.e. Boyle’s Law. Today we will start
our discussion with another equation of state for a perfect gas i.e. Charles
law.
Charles law
Gases have various important properties or variables
such as pressure, volume, mass and temperature. These variables of gases are
related with each other and magnitude of these variables or properties will
determine the state of gas.
Charles and Gay Lussac’s, scientists, had investigated
the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas by keeping mass and
pressure of gas constant.
Charles law describes the behavior of expansion of
gases when heated or describes the behaviour of contraction of gases when
cooled.
According to Charles law, if any fixed mass of gas
is heated at constant pressure, changes in volume of gas will be directly
proportional with temperature.
If absolute temperature of the gas is T and volume
of the gas is V, at constant pressure and for a fixed mass of gas, we will have
following relationship between absolute temperature T and volume V.
Let us understand Charles law with the help of below figure
Fixed mass of a gas is contained in jar which has a
provision of heating by torch provided below the jar. Volume of the gas could
be changed by changing the position of piston with the help of screw provided
at the top of piston. We can see here that variation of volume with respect to temperature
is linear.
According to Charles law, if at initial state
absolute temperature of gas is 200 K and volume is 5 m3. Let we have heated the
gas up to a temperature of 400 K, then volume of the gas will also be increased
up to 10 m3.
We will continue our discussion further with another
engineering topic i.e.
Image courtesy: Google
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