We were discussing the basic difference
between orifice and mouthpiece, in the subject of fluid mechanics, in our
last post. Now we will go ahead to find out the classification of orifices and
mouthpieces i.e. types of orifices and mouthpieces.
First we will see here the classification of
orifices and after that we will see the classification of mouthpieces. So let
us come to the main topic, without wasting your time.
Classification of Orifices
As previously discussed that an orifice is basically
a small opening of any cross-section such as triangular, square or rectangular
on the side or at the bottom of tank, through which fluid is flowing.
Orifices are classified on the basis of their size,
shape, nature of discharge and shape of the upstream edge. There are following
types of orifices as mentioned here.
A. Orifices are classified on the basis of size and head of liquid from centre of orifice
Small orifice:
If the head of the liquid from the centre of the
orifice is more than five times the depth of orifice, that orifice will be
termed as small orifice.
Large orifice:
Large orifice:
If the head of the liquid from the centre of the
orifice is less than five times the depth of orifice, that orifice will be
termed as large orifice.
B. Orifices are classified on the basis of their cross sectional area
On the basis of the cross-sectional area of the
orifice, orifices are classified as circular, rectangular, triangular and
square orifices.
C. Orifices are classified on the basis of shape of upstream edge
On the basis of shape of upstream edge of the
orifice, orifices are classified as sharp edges orifices and bell mouthed
orifices.
D. Orifices are classified on the basis of nature of discharge
On the basis of nature of discharge, orifices are
classified as free discharging orifices and fully drowned or submerged orifices.
E. Orifices are classified on the basis of sub-merged condition
On the basis of sub-merged condition, orifices are
classified as fully sub-merged orifices and partially sub-merged orifices.
Classification of Mouthpiece
Mouthpiece is basically a small length of pipe which
will be installed with the tank or vessel containing the fluid. Length of this
small pipe will be approximate two to three times of its diameter.
Mouthpieces are classified on the basis of their
position with respect to the tank, their shape and nature of discharge. There
are following types of mouthpieces as mentioned here.
A. Mouthpieces are classified on the basis of their position with respect to the tank
On the basis of their position with respect to the
tank or vessel to which they are fitted, mouthpieces are classified as external
mouthpieces and internal mouthpieces.
B. Mouthpieces are classified on the basis of their shape
On the basis of their shape, mouthpieces are
classified as cylindrical mouthpieces, convergent mouthpieces and
convergent-divergent mouthpieces.
C. Mouthpieces are classified on the basis of nature of discharge
On the basis of nature of discharge at the outlet of
mouthpiece, mouthpieces are classified as mouthpieces running full and
mouthpieces running free.
If the jet of liquid after contraction does not
touch the sides of mouthpiece, mouthpiece will be termed as running free.
If the jet of liquid after contraction expands and
fills the whole mouthpiece, mouthpiece will be termed as running full.
Now we will go ahead to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of orifices and mouthpieces, in the subject of fluid mechanics,
in our next post.
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box.
Reference:
Fluid Mechanics, By R. K. Bansal
Image Courtesy: Google
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