FORCE EXERTED BY JET ON STATIONARY VERTICAL PLATE

We have already seen the derivation of continuity equation, Bernoulli’s equation, momentum equation, velocity of sound in an isothermal process, velocity of sound in an adiabatic process and also the basic fundamentals of stagnation properties i.e. stagnation pressure,stagnation temperature and stagnation density for compressible fluid flow in our previous posts. 

Now we will start here the basics and derivation of expression of force exerted by jet on stationary vertical plate with the help of this post. Let us first brief here the basic concept of impact of jets and after that we will derive the expression of force exerted by jet on stationary vertical plate. 

Impact of jets 

Let us consider that we have one pipe through which liquid is flowing under pressure. Let us assume that a nozzle is fitted at outlet of pipe. Liquid which will come through the outlet of nozzle will be in the form of jet. 

If a plate, which may be moving or fixed, is placed in the path of jet, there will be one force which will be exerted by the jet over the surface of plate. The force which will be exerted by the jet over the surface of plate, which might be moving or fixed, will be termed as impact of jet. 

In order to determine the expression of force exerted by the jet over the surface of plate i.e. impact of jet, we will use the basic concept of Newton’s second law of motion and impulse-momentum equation. 

Force exerted by jet on stationary vertical plate 

Let us consider a jet of water, which is coming from the outlet of nozzle fitted at the pipe, strikes a flat vertical flat plate as displayed here in following figure. 

V = Velocity of the jet

d = Diameter of the jet

a = Area of cross-section of the jet = (π/4) x d² 

Liquid jet will move along the vertical plate after striking the plate. As we can see from the figure, vertical plate is located at right angle to the direction of liquid jet and hence liquid jet will be deflected at right angle i.e. 90⁰ after striking the vertical plate. 

The component of velocity of liquid jet, in the direction of jet, after striking will be zero. 

Force exerted by liquid jet on the plate in the direction of jet will be determined by using the concept of impulse momentum equation. 

Above equation, derived here, provides the force exerted by the liquid jet on the plate in the direction of jet. 

Now we will discuss the force exerted by the liquid jet on the stationary inclined flat plate in our next post. 

Do you have any suggestions? Please write in comment box. 

Reference: 

Fluid mechanics, By R. K. Bansal 

Image courtesy: Google  

Also read  

Continuity equation, 

Euler equation, 

Bernoulli’s equation  

Momentum equation

Difference between orifice and mouthpiece 

Classification of orifices and mouthpieces 

Advantages and disadvantages of orifices hydraulic coefficients