The Roots of and Impacts
of Engineering on Society
Stone tools
Stone tool means any
tool that will be made of partially or completely with stones.
There are two below
mentioned tools made of stone
1.
Flint tools
2.
Hominid tools
Innovations those have been covered from above mentioned stone tools
Chipping stones from
either side (both side) in order to develop a nice symmetrical sharp cutting
–edge so that it may be useful in cutting plants and meat also.
Variation in the form of
tools for different applications of tools
Stones were very useful
during ancient time for human as they use stones for different type of works
according to their requirement. Flint tool was made with such a stone which was
considered as softer stone as compared other stone tools.
Social /cultural impact seen by stone tools
Stone tools provided a
lot of options for human to arrange food cloth during ancient time.
They used to used these
stone tools in their daily basis work like for cutting the plants and fruit or
for cutting the meats for foods, as days passes they have discovered different
types of tools from stone to use in their daily life for example they have made
following types of tools from stones.
·
Hammer stone tool
·
Core tool
·
Handaxe tool
·
Point tool
·
Awl tool
·
Burin tool
·
Bone needle tool
·
Harpoon tool
Economical impact
There are following
economical impacts were observed from the roman road
1. Roman road made trade
safer and faster
2. Roman road were also
provided lot of flexibility to military peoples
3. Roman road provided
flexibility and easiness to develop the business
Social impact
Roman road provided the
better and effective transportation system that helps the society to develop
their business and also help in sharing goods in lesser time.
Military Impact
Roman Road also helped
to military as military troops have flexibility to move faster and with much
comfortable.
Commercial impact
As we know that good
transportation system is the key point for every business to grow and this
facility was provided by roman road to all commercial people to develop their
business and nation and society
Cultural impact of the US interstate highway system
US interstate highway
system provided good impact and these impacts are mentioned below.
US interstate highway
system provided good impact on the US country economy; it increased the
productivity and efficiency of nation by increasing speed of working.
US interstate highway
system used less expensive land and made them the most key point of growth of
the country by providing a good transportation system.
Its good transportation
system provided the organization to develop the concept of just in time
manufacturing and delivery .Thus it helped to increase the productivity of
organization and hence for country growth also.
Impact of IC engine
Environmental impact of IC engine
As we know that in order
to develop an IC engine, we need Steel as well as aluminum also. And for steel
and aluminum, we need their ore and other raw material and for these raw
material and ore we need to mine from earth.
And for mining these ore
and other raw materials we require a lot of energy, we also require lot of
energy to refine these ore and raw material to convert in to desired shape and
composition for the application in I C engine.
So we need to know that
from where we will secure that much energy.
We secured that much
energy from oil and coal and these are limited as they are nonrenewable form of
energy resources. In order to develop these much energy we have to utilize the
coal oil and other resources and these will affect our environment.
Social and cultural impact of IC engine
IC engine provided very
good impact for society and for their cultural activities and these are
mentioned below.
·
Transportation system
was improved and avoided the use of horses for shipment
·
Activities carried out
in agricultural areas were improved and farmers were used tractors instead of
animals for their works in agricultural areas
·
IC engine also play a
vital role in mining & spinning mills.
Impact of US rail road
Economical impact of US rail road
·
Transportation system
was improved
·
Time consumption in
travelling were reduced
·
US rail road was found
good steps from environmental point of view
Social impact of US rail road
·
Life was improved by
consuming less time for shipment and self travelling
·
Communication system was
improved
·
Business was
encouraged
Impact of the use of Nuclear energy
There is lot of impact
of use of nuclear energy
Environmental impact
·
Air emissions – not
produces carbon di-oxide and sulphur di-oxide those are hazardous for human.
·
Water resources- nuclear
energy uses lot of water to produce the steam
·
Production of
radioactive waste
Social impact
There is some bad impact
of nuclear energy facility also over the society as peoples staying near
nuclear energy generation unit have a lot of chance like cancer.
Impact of internet
There is lot of impact
of internet uses
Education Impact
Internet provide good
flexibility to study for different topic, no need to transport the books and
something else, we can study over internet about different topic in details
Economical impact
Now these days
approximate all are depends on internet for various works, such as for selling
and purchasing we do not have to go but also we can purchase online also.
Organization and other
professional companies are dependent completely on internet as their all works
are related with internet and internet provides them better flexibility.
Social impact
Internet provides a lot
of flexibility to the peoples to do their work smoothly but there is some
drawback of negative using of internet.
Impacts of Engineering on Society
The prehistoric age
Prehistory is
the time period that was started with the appearance of the human being,
approximate 5 million years before & ended with the discovery of
writing, approximate 6,000 years before.
It was a period of development of primitive technological and social;
During this period it has been observed the development of early
villages, agriculture, animal domestication, tools and the onset of the
earliest recorded incidents of warfare
The superstition age
Superstition is a term used for showing belief in supernatural causality.
People normally believed that there are certain things,
situations & events existed as the result of mystery and supernatural
forces and this because of they did not understand them.
During this period when even the most ordinary & common things such as the rotation of the earth around the sun for producing the difference b/w day & night were not understood, it is no wonder that more unusual things would be held in awe and feared.
During this period,
people believed that magician may fly & they have ability to reach the
impossible distances using a broomstick that was a very thin household items
used by women those days.
The Industrial age
It was a time period of 1750 to 1850, during this time there
were observed a lot of changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining,
transportation, & technology.
During this period there was a thoughtful effect on the social,
economical & cultural activities
It was observed a lot of revolution in industrial area so it was
named industrial age.
There are some development in industrial area are mentioned as following.
There are some development in industrial area are mentioned as following.
·
Introduction
of steam power by consuming primarily by coal as fuel
·
Wider
utilization of water wheels
·
Wider
utilization of powered machinery especially in textile areas increases the productivity
·
The
addition of all-metal machine tools during the first two decades of the 19th
century simplifies the manufacture of more production machines for
manufacturing in other industries.
The Post industrial age
This period is a development, expanding on the growth of the
industrial revolution, which results in the creation and production of
knowledge and information rather than durable goods. Just like in the
industrial revolution, when machines began taking over the physical power of
the skill man, we now have computer taking over the mental power of labor.
Digital technology is amplifying mental labor.
This new revolution is providing a greater expansion of
information, information networks and data banks. Also the transportation of
data is able to be sent and receive on a much faster level.
Environmental engineering
Solid and hazardous
waste management
1.
Identification of solid
wastes
2.
Identification of major
sources of solid wastes
3.
Identification of
different types of solid wastes
4.
Determination of effect
of solid waste on human health
5.
Determination of
ecological effect of solid waste
6.
Identification of tools
to remove the effect of solid wastes
7.
Identification of public health and risk assessment
8.
Determination
of classification of solid wastes
9.
Identification
of advantage of calculating the generation rate of solid wastes
10. Identification of all
factors that decide the generation rate of solid wastes
11. Calculations of solid
wastes –compositions
12. Determination the volume
and quantity also of solid wastes
13. Concept of Putrescible
solid waste
14. Concept of Non-Putrescible solid waste.
15. Determination of hazardous wastes
16. Determination of need of solid waste storage
containers
17. Determination of disposal process for common
dead body
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