We were
discussing basic concept of bending
stress in
our previous session. We have also discussed assumptions made in the theory
of simple bending and
expression for bending stress in pure bending during our last session.
Now we are going ahead to start new topic i.e. bending stress analysis for symmetrical and unsymmetrical cross-sections with the help of this post.
First of all we must have to understand here the meaning of symmetrical sections and unsymmetrical sections.
In case of symmetrical sections, neutral axis will pass through the geometrical center of the section.
Now we are going ahead to start new topic i.e. bending stress analysis for symmetrical and unsymmetrical cross-sections with the help of this post.
First of all we must have to understand here the meaning of symmetrical sections and unsymmetrical sections.
In case of symmetrical sections, neutral axis will pass through the geometrical center of the section.
Cross-sections
such as circular cross-section hollow circular cross-section, square cross-section,
hollow square cross-section, rectangular cross-section, hollow rectangular cross-section
and I cross-section are the best examples of symmetrical sections.
In case of unsymmetrical sections, neutral axis will not pass through the geometrical center of the section. Cross-sections such as T cross-section and L cross-section are the best examples of unsymmetrical sections.
In case of unsymmetrical sections, neutral axis will not pass through the geometrical center of the section. Cross-sections such as T cross-section and L cross-section are the best examples of unsymmetrical sections.
Bending stresses in symmetrical sections
Neutral
axis of symmetrical sections such as for circular section will lie at a
distance d/2 from the outermost layer of the section. Where d will be diameter of
the circular cross-section.
As we have
discussed the formula for bending stress in pure bending of beams, we have
concluded that stress acting on layer of the beam will be directionally proportional
to the distance y of the layer from the neutral axis.
Let us see
the formula for bending stress in pure bending of beams
If we
consider the value of stress at neutral axis, we can easily say that it will be
zero because value of y will be zero here.
Stress
acting on layer of the beam will be directionally proportional to the distance
y of the layer from the neutral axis; hence maximum stress will occur at the
outermost layer of the section.
If we consider the case of simply supported beam, we
must note it here that due to bending action, top portion of the beam will be
in compression whereas bottom portion of the beam will be in tension.
If we will draw the diagram for stress distribution,
we will have following figure showing the stress distribution for symmetrical
sections.
Bending stresses in unsymmetrical sections
In case of
unsymmetrical sections, neutral axis will not pass through the geometrical centre
of the section and therefore value of y, which is the distance of the layer
from the neutral axis, for outermost layers i.e. for topmost layer and bottom
layer of the section will not be same.
In order
to calculate the bending stress for unsymmetrical sections, we must have to
find the value of centre of gravity of the given unsymmetrical section.
As we know
that neutral axis will pass through the center of gravity of the section and
hence after determining the center of gravity of the section, we can have value
of y for topmost layer and bottom layer of the section.
In order to calculate the bending stress for unsymmetrical sections, we will use the bigger value of y.
In order to calculate the bending stress for unsymmetrical sections, we will use the bigger value of y.
If we will draw the diagram for stress distribution for unsymmetrical section such as
for T section, we will have following figure showing the stress
distribution for T sections.
We will
discuss another topic i.e. bending equation or flexural formula for beam subjected to a simple bending in the category of strength of material in our next post.
Reference:
Strength
of material, By R. K. Bansal
Image
Courtesy: Google
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