We were discussing Plumbing tools and their use with pictures. Let us now understand the Pipes and Fitting with the help of this post.
Pipes
Pipes are used for transmitting fluids (liquid or gas) from one place to another and to every suitable point in a building. Pipes are available in either black or galvanized form. Black pipes are used for transmitting oil, gas or air. Galvanized pipes are used for water supply systems as they resist rusting and corrosion.
Cast iron Pipe
Galvanized iron Pipe
Flexible Pipe
Pipe fittings
Pipe fittings are usually made of wrought iron. The size of pipe fitting is designated by the size of the pipe on which it fits. There are different types of pipe fittings available in the market.
Examples of some common fittings are displayed here in the following figure.
Coupling
It is a short cylindrical sleeve with internal threads throughout. A coupling is used for joining two
pipes in a straight and bend where at least one pipe can be turned.
Union
A union is used for joining two pieces of pipes, where either pipe piece can be turned or union can be turned for tightening. The union consists of three parts, two pieces of pipes (pipe 1 and pipe 2) and the third part (the center part) which is used for tightening.
Nipple
A nipple is a short piece of pipe (less than 300 mm of length) with external threads at both ends.
Nipples are available in standard length. It is used to make up the required length of a pipeline.
Elbow
An elbow is to make an angle between adjacent pipes. The angle is always 90 degree unless another angle is started like 45 degree.
Tee
A tee is a fitting that has one side outlet at a right angle to the run. It is used for a single outlet branch pipe. The tees are two types: they are equal tees and unequal tees. It is threaded in a T-shaped component used for distributing the supply of water at right angles to the direction of flow.
Reducer
A threaded pipe fitting having one of its ends larger than the other one is called an increaser or
reducer. It is used to connect two different sized pipes.
Plug
A plug is used to screw on to a threaded opening, for closing it temporarily. It is a short piece with external threads at one end and a square end on the other side.
Valves
Valves are used for regulating the flow of fluid through a pipe. These are placed on water supply
lines at desired points to shut off the flow of water.
The commonly used valves in plumbing are as mentioned below
Gate Valve
Globe Valve
Plug Valve
Check Valve
Air relief valve or needle valve
Also Read
TYPES OF PIPE CONNECTIONS IN PLUMBING SYSTEM
Reference
Engineering Practices by Mr. S. SUYAMBAZHAHAN
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